Introduction
Organizational Culture (OC) has been subject of different research since the early 20th century (Nukic & Huemann, 2016). For decades researchers and business professionals have been interested in this subject, especially within American businesses (de-la-Garza-Carranza, Guzman-Soria, & Mueller, 2011; Pietersen, 2017). Of 1980 to date, more than six thousand scientific research publications on OC in the Web of Science (WoS) database have been published. Currently, OC research presents an increase in the production of publications, in the last three years, the number of publications has increased, as shown by the WoS data.
Web of Science identify publications on Organizational Culture, and it classifies on different research areas (Business economics, Psychology, Social Sciences Other Topics, Health Care Sciences Services, Education Educational Research, Engineering and other). Business economics is the most crucial area of research of OC; it concentrates about forty percent of these publications.
Despite full of publications of Organizational culture topic, Chatman & O'Reilly (2016) believe that everything related to research in OC is not yet solved and that new researchers have the mission to continue with the research in several aspects that remain unclear.
The aim of this article, through of bibliometric analysis, is to provide useful information on scientific research publications of Organizational culture in the category of Management in the research area of Business economics available in the Web of Science, for researchers interested in the subject.
Organizational Culture (OC). Is defined in different ways (Ertosun & Adiguzel, 2018). For example: how a group of persons learns over a period of time to solves its problems of survival in an external environment and its problems of internal integration (Schein, 1990). For Schneider, Ehrhart, & Macey (2013) is defined as basic assumptions about the world and values that guide life in organizations.
Analysis of the recent research works and publications proves the multiplication of some scientific works dedicated to the problem of OC (Shymko, 2018). The research of the OC has been profoundly explored based on different definitions of the construct using different types of measurements and from different theories (Chatman & O'Reilly, 2016).
Organizational culture is a crucial aspect of any successful business or organization (Kasemsap, Styron, & Styron, 2017). The OC affects the employees and organizational processes and plays a significant role in companies and, it can bring a competitive advantage to the organization (Ertosun & Adiguzel, 2018). OC can influence the performance and effectiveness of a company and it can be a factor in the success of an organization. (Warrick, 2017). OC is indicative of the typical way of orienting organization members towards common goals (Calciolari, Prenestini, & Lega, 2018).
To increase the effectiveness of the organization, the OC can be used as a critical element to promote long-term effectiveness and that the change efforts of the global culture can manifest not only in results such as the return on investment, assets, or sales, but also in customer satisfaction (Gillespie, Denison, Haaland, Smerek, & Neale, 2008). The personality of the CEO affects the culture of the organization; this culture subsequently affects a broad set of organizational results, such as financial performance, reputation recommendations of reputation analysts and employee attitudes (O'Reilly, Doerr, & Chatman, 2018).
Although researchers have studied for some time the relationship between OC and financial performance, it is not yet clear how this relationship is (Chatman, Caldwell, O'Reilly, & Doerr, 2014). OC can be a powerful force that clearly shows what is essential and coordinates the efforts of members without the cost of the inefficiencies of close supervision within an organization (Chatman & Cha, 2003). Culture can be studied as a part of the process of adaptation of organizations, and that the specific cultural feature can be useful to predict effectiveness and performance (Denison & Mishra, 1995). To determine whether the culture or performance has a causal priority, or, if there is a reciprocal relationship, a longitudinal study was conducted concluding that the culture "comes first" (Boyce, Nieminen, Gillespie, Ryan, & Denison, 2015).
Nowadays, publications on OC is increasing, the consensus on the concept of the construct is diverse, and the impact it causes on the results of the companies remains in discussion.
Bibliometric analysis. Is the quantitative study of bibliographic material, and it can show a general picture of a research field (Merigo & Yang, 2017). Bibliometric analysis is a valuable research tool that can systematically represent the nature of specific scientific disciplines by highlighting critical research points and identifying research trends (Zhang et al., 2016).
Some research has used Bibliometric analysis as a method to indicate trends in different areas, for example: Lopez-Fernandez, Serrano-Bedia, & Perez-Perez (2016) applied bibliometric indicators in an in-depth and systematic review of the theme of entrepreneurship in family businesses, identifying the most productive authors; through their co-citations and through co-word analysis, identified research trends in the subject. Podsakoff, MacKenzie, Podsakoff, & Bachrach (2008) used bibliometric techniques to examine 30 research journals in the field of administration, using the number of citations as a basis to determine the impact of research in a defined period of years.
Bibliometrics methods and visualization networks to analyze the publications of the Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems in the period 1993-2016 was presented by Wang et al. (2018) including a general overview of publications, authors, institutions and countries, which were the most relevant function of the number of citations. They also used the VOSviewer software for visualization of different connections between authors, journals and countries.
Ozkose & Gencer (2017) used the bibliometric mapping to analyze in depth Management Information Systems field. The expert opinion defined a sample of 24 journals, this journals of the sample were most important in the area, the bibliometric technique of co-occurrence analysis allowed to establish the most cited terms and keywords through the VOSviewer software that were represented in density maps for natural interpretation.
Mascarenhas, Marques, Galvao, & Santos (2017) based on a bibliometric study using the VOS viewer software to analyze the topic of the Entrepreneurial University based on research published in the WoS from 1900 to the present, they determined the research opportunities for the area. Pecha & Vanecek (2015) conducted a bibliometric analysis of the research publications on the physiology field in the Czech Republic and Hungary. For this, they used the VOS viewer software and compared the directions of the research and topics of internal research in the area to the world trends.
A bibliometric study of publications in different databases in the last 70 years by Olczyk (2016) explained the state of the art of the international competitiveness in the discipline of economics. He used in its analysis, bibliometric indicators such as network citation analysis, key-routes main path, and term co-occurrence analysis.
Through of bibliometric citation and co-citation analysis, as well as content analysis of the literature, this article exposes the current situation of the publications on OC research and provide answers to the following question: What are the leading publications, authors and journals in the OC research in Business economics? How publications, authors and journal are a relationship in the OC research in Business economics?
Method
The bibliographic search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection database. This database has been widely used in academic research (Caputo, Marzi, Pellegrini, & Rialti, 2018; Castillo-Vergara, Alvarez-Marin, & Placencio-Hidalgo, 2018; Caya & Neto, 2018; Mascarenhas et al., 2017; Merigo & Yang, 2017; Wang et al., 2018). Web of Science Core Collection database includes the Citation Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), Arts & Humanities Citation Index (A & HCI), Book Citation Index-Science (BKCIS), Book Citation Index- Social Sciences & Humanities (BKCI-SSH), Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI).
First, the term “Organizational Culture” was used in a type of search by topic in WoS. The type of search by topic include the following fields to search for a record of the database: title, abstract, keywords of author and keywords plus. The search refined by research area (Business and Economics) and category of WoS (Management). The search was realized on October 18, 2018, and the range of time from 1980 to October 2018.
The second step was made from the data obtained in the search. A detailed analysis of the information provided by the WoS was made. The publications by year, publications and citations of the principal authors and journals, as well as the most cited articles over the years, were included in tables to facilitate the understanding of the topic.
For the analysis of the data obtained of the search was used the VOSviewer software. VOSviewer is a program that was developed for constructing and viewing bibliometric maps. VOSviewer can, for example, be used to construct maps of authors or journals based on co-citation data or to construct maps of keywords based on co-occurrence data (van Eck & Waltman, 2010). VOSviewer software has been used to construct networks of scientific publications, scientific journals, researchers, research organizations, countries, keywords, or terms. Items in these networks can be connected by co-authorship, co-occurrence, citation, bibliographic coupling, or co-citation links (Caputo et al., 2018; Mascarenhas et al., 2017; Merigo & Yang, 2017; Ortiz-de-Urbina-Criado, Najera-Sanchez, & Mora-Valentin, 2018). For this work, the indicators of citation and co-citation were used to show the relationship between authors, journals and references of the publications obtunded from WoS.
Analysis of Results
Of the search in the WoS, 1936 scientific research publications were obtained, Table 1 shows the distribution of the publications by type of document. Articles are the most important type of document within of the publications; it represents 89.5% of the total of publications of the database in OC in the category of Management in Business Economic research area.
Document Type | TP | Document Type | TP |
---|---|---|---|
Article | 1734 | Book | 14 |
Book Chapter | 147 | Correction | 3 |
Review | 113 | Correction Addition | 1 |
Proceedings Paper | 45 | Meeting Abstract | 1 |
Book Review | 38 | Note | 1 |
Editorial Material | 31 | Reprint | 1 |
TP: Total Publications
In the other hand, the amount of publications on OC in the WoS from 1994 to the present day is shown in Table 2. In this table, a column specifies the number of total of publications on OC by year in WoS, another column indicates the number of publications on OC in the Management category of Business Economic research area. Although publications of OC is extensive: Over the years, the publications on OC in Management category of Business economics have obtained, in certain years (1995, 1996, 1999, 2003, 2011), more than 40% of the total of publications of the WoS. In annual average, the publications in OC, in the mentioned category and research area, are approximately 33% of the total of publications of the WoS on the subject. The distribution of publications generated over time shows the growing trend of publications on OC. Evolution of the research in the area of OC is shown in Figure 1.
Year | T/P WoS | T/P Category Management |
% | Year | T/P WoS | T/P Category Management |
% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1995 | 47 | 19 | 40.43 | 2007 | 177 | 44 | 24.86 | |
1996 | 63 | 26 | 41.27 | 2008 | 234 | 78 | 33.33 | |
1997 | 58 | 21 | 36.21 | 2009 | 272 | 97 | 35.66 | |
1998 | 69 | 26 | 37.68 | 2010 | 326 | 111 | 34.05 | |
1999 | 76 | 32 | 42.11 | 2011 | 340 | 147 | 43.24 | |
2000 | 105 | 35 | 33.33 | 2012 | 355 | 125 | 35.21 | |
2001 | 75 | 28 | 37.33 | 2013 | 350 | 86 | 24.57 | |
2002 | 104 | 36 | 34.62 | 2014 | 316 | 94 | 29.75 | |
2003 | 134 | 57 | 42.54 | 2015 | 567 | 150 | 26.46 | |
2004 | 128 | 29 | 22.66 | 2016 | 623 | 171 | 27.45 | |
2005 | 133 | 38 | 28.57 | 2017 | 688 | 201 | 29.22 | |
2006 | 173 | 54 | 31.21 | 2018 | 497 | 134 | 26.96 |
The total of publications of the WoS on OC increased steadily from 1994 to 2001, it relapses and then in 2002, it recovered and continued with a growth trend until 2012. In 2013, there was a decrease in the number of publications that continued in 2014. In the last three years (2015, 2016 and 2017) there was a significant increase in publications (more than 50%) compared to 2012, which was the year most productive in publications.
The term “Organizational Culture” was used in a type of search by topic in WoS. Here, 6338 scientific research publications were identified. Next, for a refined search in the area of research Business economics in the Management category, 1936 publications were obtained of WoS database. For these publications, 3819 authors were obtained and, 407 journals were identified. Finally, the number total of cited references in these publications is equivalent to 82597 references.
Bibliometric analysis indicated the most productive authors on OC in the Management category of Business Economics research area. Ogbona, Harris, and Denison are the authors with most publications in this category. In another hand, if productivity is based on the measurement of citations of authors have in WoS, Chatman, Cadwell, and Oreily would take the places 1, 2, 3, in the area of research (Table 3).
R | Autor | TP | TC | R | Autor | TP | TC | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Ogbonna, E | 13 | 515 | 1 | Chatman, J | 5 | 2353 | |
2 | Harris, L | 10 | 553 | 2 | Caldwell, D | 2 | 1475 | |
3 | Denison, D | 7 | 1188 | 3 | Oreilly, C | 1 | 1445 | |
4 | Schultz, M | 7 | 886 | 4 | Denison, D | 7 | 1188 | |
5 | Chatman, J | 5 | 2353 | 5 | Barney, J | 1 | 1121 | |
6 | Hatch, M | 5 | 891 | 6 | Hatch, M | 5 | 891 | |
7 | Schroeder, R | 5 | 517 | 7 | Schultz, M | 7 | 886 | |
8 | Hofstede, G | 5 | 427 | 8 | Shenkar, O | 4 | 863 | |
9 | Shenkar, O | 4 | 863 | 9 | Kunda, G | 3 | 854 | |
10 | Cable, D | 4 | 598 | 10 | Mcsweeney, B | 2 | 852 | |
11 | Weber, Y | 4 | 445 | 11 | Schein, E | 3 | 788 | |
12 | Kunda, G | 3 | 854 | 12 | Lado, A | 1 | 758 | |
13 | Schein, E | 3 | 788 | 13 | Wilson, M | 1 | 758 | |
14 | Lubatkin, M | 3 | 516 | 14 | Barkema, H | 2 | 686 | |
15 | Gordon, G | 3 | 419 | 15 | Vermeulen, F | 2 | 686 | |
16 | Ravasi, D | 3 | 404 | 16 | De Long, D | 1 | 622 | |
17 | Caldwell, D | 2 | 1475 | 17 | Fahey, L | 1 | 622 | |
18 | Mcsweeney, B | 2 | 852 | 18 | Burnett, D | 1 | 619 | |
19 | Barkema, H | 2 | 686 | 19 | Tett, R | 1 | 619 | |
20 | Vermeulen, F | 2 | 686 | 20 | Cable, D | 4 | 598 | |
21 | Kayworth, T | 2 | 579 | 21 | Kayworth, T | 2 | 579 | |
22 | Leidner, D | 2 | 579 | 22 | Leidner, D | 2 | 579 | |
23 | Barsade, S | 2 | 562 | 23 | Barsade, S | 2 | 562 | |
24 | Jehn, K | 2 | 536 | 24 | Barley, S | 1 | 555 | |
25 | Jarvenpaa, S | 2 | 459 | 25 | Harris, L | 10 | 553 | |
26 | Fombrun, C | 2 | 417 | 26 | Mishra, A | 1 | 548 | |
27 | Neale, M | 2 | 407 | 27 | Jehn, K | 2 | 536 | |
28 | Oreilly, C | 1 | 1445 | 28 | Schroeder, R | 5 | 517 | |
29 | Barney, J | 1 | 1121 | 29 | Lubatkin, M | 3 | 516 | |
30 | Lado, A | 1 | 758 | 30 | Ogbonna, E | 13 | 515 |
R: Ranking, TP: Total Publications, TC: Total Citation
Figure 2 shows the map network of citation between the authors based on the number of publications for the author in the database; where we can easily interpret the existing relationship in the publications of the authors. The type of color and the distance between the bubbles in the graph indicate the relationship among the authors. The bubbles of the same color reflect greater strength among the authors then they represent and the lines indicate that exist a relationship between the citations of the authors. The relatedness of the authors is determined based on the number of times they cite each other.
The network map of the citations between the authors is shown in Figure 3. Network map is based on the number of citations of the authors in the WoS in OC in the Management category in the Business economics research area. The lines show the connections that exist between the authors, as in the previous figure, the bubbles of the same color represent greater strength between the author's citations and the lines indicate that there is a citation between the authors that connects.
The analysis of the publications selected on OC in the Management category of Business economics research areas provided information for the elaboration of Table 4. These tables contain the 40 most cited publications in the WoS on the subject. Also in the table, we can find the ranking in which the publication is, its authors, the name and the date of the scientific journal where it was published. The number of citations that have the publications in the WoS and the number of average citations per year is critical information is easy to obtain from the tables.
R | Title | Autor | Source | Y | TC | TC/Y |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | People and organizational culture - a profile comparison approach to assessing person-organization fit |
Oreilly, CA; Chatman, J; Caldwell, DF | Academy of Management J. | 1991 | 1445 | 51.6 |
2 | Organizational culture - can it be a source of sustained competitive advantage |
Barney, JB | Academy of Management R. | 1986 | 1121 | 34 |
3 | Hofstede's model of national cultural differences and their consequences: A triumph of faith - a failure of analysis |
McSweeney, B | Human Relations | 2002 | 779 | 45.8 |
4 | Cultural distance revisited: Towards a more rigorous conceptualization and measurement of cultural differences |
Shenkar, O | Journal of International B. | 2001 | 775 | 43.1 |
5 | Human-resource systems and sustained competitive advantage - a competence-based perspective |
Lado, AA; Wilson, MC | Academy of Management Review | 1994 | 758 | 30.3 |
6 | Diagnosing cultural barriers to knowledge management | De Long, DW; Fahey, L | Academy of Management E. | 2000 | 622 | 32.7 |
7 | A personality trait-based interactionist model of job performance |
Tett, RP; Burnett, DD | Journal of Applied Psychology | 2003 | 619 | 38.7 |
8 | The antecedents of deinstitutionalization | Oliver, C | Organization Studies | 1992 | 610 | 22.6 |
9 | What is the difference between organizational culture and organizational climate? A native's point of view on a decade of paradigm wars |
Denison, DR | Academy of Management R. | 1996 | 578 | 25.1 |
10 | Design and devotion - surges of rational and normative ideologies of control in managerial discourse |
Barley, SR; Kunda, G | Administrative Science Q. | 1992 | 555 | 20.6 |
11 | Toward a theory of organizational culture and effectiveness |
Denison, DR; Mishra, AK | Organization Science | 1995 | 548 | 22.8 |
12 | Toward a theory of spiritual leadership | Fry, LW | Leadership Quarterly | 2003 | 473 | 29.6 |
13 | Coming to a new awareness of organizational culture | Schein, EH | Sloan Management Review | 1984 | 453 | 12.9 |
14 | Organizational culture as a source of high-reliability | Weick, KE | California Management R. | 1987 | 444 | 13.9 |
15 | Review: A review of culture in information systems research: Toward a theory of information technology culture conflict |
Leidner, DE; Kayworth, T | Mis Quarterly | 2006 | 427 | 32.9 |
16 | Learning through acquisitions | Vermeulen, F; Barkema, H | Academy of Management Journal | 2001 | 425 | 23.6 |
17 | Corporate responsibility and financial performance: the role of intangible resources |
Surroca, Jordi; Tribo, Josep A.; Waddock, Sandra | Strategic Management Journal | 2010 | 412 | 45.8 |
18 | Relationships between psychological climate perceptions and work outcomes: a meta-analytic review |
Parker, CP; Baltes, BB; Young, SA; Huff, JW; Altmann, RA; Lacost, HA; Roberts, JE | Journal of Organizational B. | 2003 | 404 | 25.3 |
19 | Culture and congruence: The fit between management practices and national culture |
Newman, KL; Nollen, SD | Journal of International Business Studies | 1996 | 404 | 17.6 |
20 | The dynamics of organizational culture | Hatch, MJ | Academy of Management Review | 1993 | 377 | 14.5 |
21 | Responding to organizational identity threats: Exploring the role of organizational culture |
Ravasi, Davide; Schultz, Majken | Academy of Management Journal | 2006 | 365 | 28.1 |
22 | Innovation management measurement: A review | Adams, R; Bessant, J; Phelps, R | International Journal of Man. Rs | 2006 | 357 | 27.5 |
23 | The cross-level effects of culture and climate in human service teams |
Glisson, C; James, LR | Journal of Organizational B. | 2002 | 344 | 20.2 |
24 | Climate strength: A new direction for climate research | Schneider, B; Salvaggio, AN; Subirats, M | Journal of Applied Psychology | 2002 | 340 | 20 |
25 | Being different yet feeling similar: The influence of demographic composition and organizational culture on work processes and outcomes |
Chatman, JA; Polzer, JT; Barsade, SG; Neale, MA | Administrative Science Quarterly | 1998 | 340 | 16.2 |
26 | The role of the founder in creating organizational culture | Schein, EH | Organizational Dynamics | 1983 | 325 | 9.03 |
27 | Superman or the fantastic four? Knowledge combination and experience in innovative teams |
Taylor, Alva; Greve, Henrich R. | Academy of Management Journal | 2006 | 314 | 24.2 |
28 | Cultural-differences and shareholder value in related mergers - linking equity and human-capital |
Chatterjee, S; Lubatkin, MH; Schweiger, DM; Weber, Y | Strategic Management Journal | 1992 | 310 | 11.5 |
29 | Applicant personality, organizational culture, and organization attraction |
Judge, TA; Cable, DM | Personnel Psychology | 1997 | 306 | 13.9 |
30 | The dynamics of organizational identity | Hatch, MJ; Schultz, M | Human Relations | 2002 | 296 | 17.4 |
31 | Real feelings - emotional expression and organizational culture | Vanmaanen, J; Kunda, G | Research in Organizational B. | 1989 | 295 | 9.83 |
32 | A framework for linking culture and improvement initiatives in organizations |
Detert, JR; Schroeder, RG; Mauriel, JJ | Academy of Management R. | 2000 | 288 | 15.2 |
33 | Accounting for the contradictory organizational consequences of information technology: Theoretical directions and methodological implications |
Robey, D; Boudreau, MC | Information Systems Research | 1999 | 283 | 14.2 |
34 | Motivation to lead, motivation to follow: The role of the self-regulatory focus in leadership processes |
Kark, Ronit; Van Dijk, Dina | Academy of Management R. | 2007 | 272 | 22.7 |
35 | An empirical investigation of the process of knowledge transfer in international strategic alliances |
Simonin, BL | Journal of International Business Studies | 2004 | 271 | 18.1 |
36 | Assessing the relationship between industry characteristics and organizational culture - how difference can you be |
Chatman, JA; Jehn, KA | Academy of Management Journal | 1994 | 271 | 10.8 |
37 | Theorising from case studies: Towards a pluralist future for international business research |
Welch, C; Piekkari, R; Plakoyiannaki, E; Paavilainen-Mantymaki, | Journal of International Business Studies | 2011 | 270 | 33.8 |
38 | Managing the post-acquisition integration process: How the human integration and task integration processes interact to foster value creation |
Birkinshaw, J; Bresman, H; Hakanson, L | Journal of Management Studies | 2000 | 270 | 14.2 |
39 | To agree or not to agree: The effects of value congruence, individual demographic dissimilarity, and conflict on workgroup outcomes |
Jehn, KA; Chadwick, C; Thatcher, SMB | International Journal of Conflict Management | 1997 | 265 | 12.1 |
40 | Behavioral norms and expectations - a quantitative approach to the assessment of organizational culture |
Cooke, RA; Rousseau, DM | Group & Organization Studies | 1988 | 265 | 8.55 |
R: Ranking, Y: Year, T/C: Total Citations, C/Y: Citation/Year
The network map of most cited publication in WoS on OC in Management category in Business economics research area is shown in Figure 4. The network map presents the connection between the 40 most cited publications. Oreilly (1991) and Barney (1986) are the authors of the publications with the highest number of citations. Eight groups of different colors were formed; these groups have a significant relationship with each other.
A brief analysis of the most productive sources in the research of the OC in the category of Management in Business economics of the WoS is shown in Table 5. In this table, the ranking of the primary 25 sources is shown based on the number of citations that accumulates in the WoS. Also based on the number of publications they have in the database above, another ranking is presented in the same table. The comparison between the two rankings allows establishing that despite having 16 publications in the database identified by the search, Academy of Management Review presents the highest number of citations (4488 citations), in contrast, Journal of Organizational Change Management with 68 publications only has 1015 citations. Academy of Management Review regarding publications in WoS is ranked 13th and Journal of Organizational Change Management ranked 15th regarding citations. The above shows the contrast between publications and citations of the sources.
R | Source | TP | TC | R | Source | TP | TC | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Academy of Management Review | 16 | 4488 | 1 | Journal of Organizational Change Management | 68 | 1016 | |
2 | Human Relations | 64 | 3561 | 2 | Human Relations | 64 | 3561 | |
3 | Academy of Management Journal | 12 | 3430 | 3 | International Journal of Human Resource Management | 56 | 1185 | |
4 | Journal of International Business Studies | 18 | 2950 | 4 | Organization Studies | 45 | 2463 | |
5 | Organization Studies | 45 | 2463 | 5 | Journal of Knowledge Management | 33 | 764 | |
6 | Administrative Science Quarterly | 21 | 2336 | 6 | Management Decision | 33 | 592 | |
7 | Organization Science | 27 | 2277 | 7 | Journal of Management Studies | 31 | 1866 | |
8 | Strategic Management Journal | 12 | 2156 | 8 | International Journal of Operations & Production Management | 28 | 913 | |
9 | Journal of Management Studies | 31 | 1866 | 9 | Organization Science | 27 | 2277 | |
10 | Journal of Applied Psychology | 12 | 1785 | 10 | Industrial Marketing Management | 26 | 726 | |
11 | Journal of Organizational Behavior | 15 | 1358 | 11 | Administrative Science Quarterly | 21 | 2336 | |
12 | Leadership Quarterly | 13 | 1300 | 12 | Journal of International Business Studies | 18 | 2950 | |
13 | International Journal of Human Resource Management | 56 | 1185 | 13 | Academy of Management Review | 16 | 4488 | |
14 | Sloan Management Review | 6 | 1059 | 14 | Journal of Organizational Behavior | 15 | 1358 | |
15 | Journal of Organizational Change Management | 68 | 1016 | 15 | Leadership Quarterly | 13 | 1300 | |
16 | Decision Sciences | 11 | 918 | 16 | Academy of Management Journal | 12 | 3430 | |
17 | International Journal of Operations & Production Management | 28 | 913 | 17 | Strategic Management Journal | 12 | 2156 | |
18 | Academy of Management Executive | 7 | 843 | 18 | Journal of Applied Psychology | 12 | 1785 | |
19 | Mis Quarterly | 6 | 810 | 19 | Decision Sciences | 11 | 918 | |
20 | Journal of Knowledge Management | 33 | 764 | 20 | Technovation | 10 | 739 | |
21 | Technovation | 10 | 739 | 21 | Academy of Management Executive | 7 | 843 | |
22 | Industrial Marketing Management | 26 | 726 | 22 | Journal of Operations Management | 7 | 718 | |
23 | Journal of Operations Management | 7 | 718 | 23 | Sloan Management Review | 6 | 1059 | |
24 | International Journal of Management Reviews | 5 | 635 | 24 | Mis Quarterly | 6 | 810 | |
25 | Management Decision | 33 | 592 | 25 | International Journal of Management Reviews | 5 | 635 |
R: Ranking, TP: Total Publications, TC: Total
Network map between the sources based on the number o publications in OC research in Management category in Bussines Economics is presented in Figure 5.. Network map of sources, but, based on the number of citations that are present in the WoS on the subject of the analysis is shown in Figure 6.
The co-citation analysis of cited references indicates the number of times that two references are cited at the same time in a publication. In this case, Schein (1985), Schein (1992), Hofstede (1980), Oreilly (1991) and Smircich (1983) present the highest number of citations in the total of publications analyzed. The Table 6 showing the main cited references of OC in Management category in Business economics. The column of the table "total link strength" shows the strength of the relationship exists in the co-citation of the references, that is, among the 25 references that the table contains, as is the co-citation between them in the publications analyzed.
Label | T/O | TLS | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Schein E. H., 1985, Org Culture Leadersh | 246 | 642 |
2 | Hofstede G, 1990, Admin Sci Quart, V35, P286. | 170 | 623 |
3 | Oreilly Ca, 1991, Acad Manage J, V34, P487. | 190 | 613 |
4 | Smircich L, 1983, Admin Sci Quart, V28, P339. | 173 | 598 |
5 | Schein E., 1992, Org Culture Leadersh | 194 | 558 |
6 | Barney Jb, 1986, Acad Manage Rev, V11, P656. | 156 | 554 |
7 | Kotter Jp, 1992, Corporate Culture Pe | 133 | 538 |
8 | Denison Dr, 1995, Organ Sci, V6, P204. | 119 | 532 |
9 | Hofstede G. H., 1980, Cultures Consequence | 194 | 532 |
10 | Pettigrew Am, 1979, Admin Sci Quart, V24, P570. | 118 | 518 |
11 | Schein Eh, 1990, Am Psychol, V45, P109. | 157 | 452 |
12 | Denison Dr, 1990, Corporate Culture Or | 95 | 434 |
13 | Deal T., 1982, Corporate Cultures R | 89 | 404 |
14 | Hatch Mj, 1993, Acad Manage Rev, V18, P657. | 107 | 378 |
15 | Hofstede G., 2001, Cultures Consequence | 142 | 351 |
16 | Martin J., 1992, Cultures Org 3 Persp | 92 | 349 |
17 | Denison Dr, 1996, Acad Manage Rev, V21, P619. | 88 | 341 |
18 | Quinn Re, 1983, Manage Sci, V29, P363. | 101 | 320 |
19 | Podsakoff Pm, 2003, J Appl Psychol, V88, P879. | 134 | 314 |
20 | Peters T.J., 1982, Search Of Excellence | 95 | 301 |
21 | Barney J, 1991, J Manage, V17, P99. | 123 | 290 |
22 | Fornell C, 1981, J Marketing Res, V18, P39 | 125 | 269 |
23 | Baron Rm, 1986, J Pers Soc Psychol, V51, P1173 | 92 | 251 |
24 | Schein E, 2004, Org Culture Leadersh | 101 | 245 |
25 | Nonaka I., 1995, Knowledge Creating C | 88 | 119 |
T/O: Total Occurrences, TLS: Total Link Strength
Figure 7 presents the network map formed by the co-citations of the references of the publications of the WoS database on OC in Management category. Each color of bubbles represents different strength of co-citation between the references that make up the group of bubbles of the same color. Three groups were formed in which, Schein. (1985), Schein, (1992), Barney (1986) represent the references with the greatest strength of link in the groups of colored bubbles (green, blue and red respectively). The above indicates that these references with the most active link, are the most co-cited references about the rest of the other references in the database analyzed.
Discussion and Conclusion
Analyzing information derived of all research considered in this article allowed to answer questions presented in reference to knowing who are most cited publications, authors, and sources that had generated knowledge on the subject. Additionally, the co-citation analysis provides an overview useful for researchers interested in the area, offering valuable information for their work.
The bibliometric analysis showed that the Organizational Culture (OC) is maintained as a wealthy research area. The analysis of the 40 most cited publications in WoS on OC in Management of Business economics research area, allows recognizing that new researchers have emerged in the area, generating publications and citations that demonstrate the growth of the research area.
Ogbonna, Harris, and Denison, are the authors with the mayor number of publications of OC in Management in Business economics research area, but they are not the most cited. The authors most cited are Chatman, Caldwell, and Oreilly. The results of the present research concur with Lopez-Fernandez, Serrano-Bedia, & Perez-Perez (2016) who express: "the most productive authors and journals do not necessarily coincide with those most cited.”
The analysis of co-citations of the references and their VOSviewer map allows us to observe that the oldest and most important reference for their number of citations is Pettigrew (1979). Schein is the author of cited references with the highest number of occurrences, he presents three important base publications distributed in time (1985, 1992 and 2004).
Schein, Hofstede, and Denison present three publications within the 25 most co-cited references each; they are the principal founding authors of OC in the Management of Business economics research area.
It is important to point out that the network maps made by VOSviewer allow observing the interaction that all the selected authors have in the database, showing a great connection of the researchers, promoting the advance on research.
One of the limitations of our research is to consider only the publications in the database of the Web of Science; there are probably publications in other databases that could enrich this study. On the other hand, the research is limited to a category in a research area, a bibliometric analysis that includes all the research areas of OC would provide a broader point of view.