OBJECTIVE:

To determine the clinical characteristics and outcomes associated with the different access routes chosen for hysterectomy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Retrospective, descriptive and cross-sectional study consisting of the analysis of the information recorded in the records of patients attended in the Gynecology service of the Civil Hospital of Guadalajara between March 1, 2019 and February 28, 2020. The association between the access route and complications was established in all patients.

RESULTS:

790 files were reviewed of which 413 met the inclusion criteria. A total of 262 abdominal hysterectomies were performed, 107 vaginally and 44 laparoscopically. The frequency of complications was 9.2%, 54% of which occurred during the surgical procedure. The frequency of conversion was one case for vaginal hysterectomy (0.9%) and another for laparoscopic hysterectomy (2.2%). The most frequent complication was trans-surgical bleeding followed by readmission for surgical site infection. Vaginal surgery had the lowest percentage of complications; however, bladder injury was the most common and the only one in which a death occurred, secondary to hypovolemic shock. The association between abdominal access route and complications shows that patients with abdominal hysterectomy were three times more likely to have some complication compared to the rest of the groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

The risk of complications is higher in abdominal hysterectomy, especially in patients with uterine weight ≥ 500 g and BMI ≥ 30. Skills need to be strengthened to increase the frequency of vaginal hysterectomy. It is increasingly necessary to be at the forefront in the application of minimally invasive techniques because of their advantage of lower frequency of complications.

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