Resumen

SILVEIRA-GRAMONT, María Isabel et al. AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDES: A FRAMEWORK FOR HEALTH RISK EVALUATION IN RURAL COMMUNITIES IN THE MEXICAN STATE OF SONORA. Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient [online]. 2018, vol.34, n.1, pp.7-21. ISSN 0188-4999.  https://doi.org/10.20937/rica.2018.34.01.01.

Different research projects in Sonora, Mexico, have proven contamination from pesticides in workers and locals living in communities near agricultural fields. To evaluate the health hazards from passive exposition of their inhabitants to such compounds, it is required reliable and updated information on the crops sown, their pests, as well as pesticide amounts, doses and forms of application, especially of agrochemicals that pose health risk potential. This work proposes a reference frame to identify the required information at a local level such as the Rural Development District (RDD) 144 Hermosillo, on crops, pests, besides the intensity and frequency of the application of pesticides by spraying. In the period from 2010 to 2014, nine crops occupied 72 500 ha (80 %) of the sown area in RDD Hermosillo, and could employ 24 most frequent agrochemical products applied by spray. Of those organophosphate insecticides and herbicides, 16 and 211 t were applied over 72 500 ha in one season. Several of these pesticides are moderately persistent in the environment and they are considered with adverse health effects by national and international organizations. It is concluded that in agricultural fields, enough quantities of hazardous pesticides are sprayed, which might possibly affect the health of inhabitants in the nearby communities.

Palabras llave : agrochemicals; passive exposition; residue dispersion; rural communities.

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