Objective:

To determine the prevalence and risk factors for syphilis transmission of the male indigenous population of Paraguay during 2017.

Materials and methods:

An observational, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with multi-epic stratified probabilistic sampling. They were included in the study indigenous male, over 15 years of age, of five linguistic families resident in Paraguay during the study period.

Results:

The prevalence of syphilis in men of the indigenous population of Paraguay was 4.50%. Indigenous people who were 15 to 20 years old had 2.70 times the probability of presenting syphilis, as well as the participants who reported multiple partners in the last year, transaccional sex and consumed alcohol in the last sexual intercourse had 2.69, 3.06 and 2.16 times the probability of presenting syphilis.

Conclusions:

A moderate prevalence of syphilis was found in the male indigenous population. In turn, an opportunity was found twice more to acquire syphilis infection for those who had more than two sexual partners, transactional sex and those who involved alcohol during sexual practice.

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