Servicios Personalizados
Revista
Articulo
Indicadores
- Citado por SciELO
- Accesos
Links relacionados
- Similares en SciELO
Compartir
Sociológica (México)
versión On-line ISSN 2007-8358versión impresa ISSN 0187-0173
Sociológica (Méx.) vol.21 no.61 Ciudad de México may./ago. 2006
Artículos de investigación
Dilemas ambientales en la región de América del Norte*
** Jefa del Departamento de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, unidad Cuajimalpa. Correo electrónico: mac@correo.azc.uam.mx.
Repensar las regiones como modelos de desarrollo económico, político, cultural y ambiental es tratar de recuperar la visión de competitividad de estos espacios por sus inversiones, tecnología y mercados. De igual forma, estos espacios representan un gran potencial en relación con la integración social y corresponsabilidad política que nuevos actores desempeñan en este contexto. Este artículo analiza la situación ambiental que se presenta en las fronteras que México y Canadá comparten con Estados Unidos, nuevas regiones que presentan diferentes formas de integración y dispares resultados ambientales.
Palabras clave: región; ambiente; daño colateral; integración; América del Norte
Rethinking the regions as models of economic, political, cultural and environmental development is an attempt to recover the vision of their competitiveness in terms of their investments, technology and markets. In the same way, these spaces represent great potential with regard to the social integration and political co-responsibility that new actors perform in this context. This article analyzes the environmental situation on the borders Mexico and Canada share with the United States, new regions with different forms of integration and uneven environmental results.
Key words: region; environment; collateral damage; integration; North America
Bibliografía
Acuerdo de la Calidad del Agua de los Grandes Lagos 1972 [ Links ]
Agnew, J. 1987 Place and Politics. The Geographical Mediation of State and Society, Allen and Unwin, Londres. [ Links ]
Alfie, Miriam 2002 “Alianzas y desafíos. Grupos y redes de defensa ambientalistas en la frontera México-Estados Unidos”, European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, Ámsterdam. [ Links ]
______ 1998 ...Y el desierto se volvió verde. Movimientos ambientalistas binacionales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, unidad Azcapotzalco-Universidad Iberoamericana, México D. F. [ Links ]
Alfie, Miriam y Luis Méndez 2000 Maquila y movimientos ambientalistas. Examen de un riesgo compartido, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, unidad Azcapotzalco-Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología-Eón Editores, México D. F. [ Links ]
Alper, D. 1997 “Transboundary Environmental Relations in British Columbia and the Pacific Northwest”, The American Review of Canadian Studies, vol. 27, núm. 3, otoño, Washington. [ Links ]
______ 1996 “The Idea of Cascadia. Emergent Transborder Regionalism in the Pacific Northwest-Western Canada”, Journal of Borderlands Studies, vol. XI, núm. 2, otoño, Washington. [ Links ]
Artibise, A. 1998 The New Regionalism in Cascadia. Shared Visions, Strategic Alliances and Integrated Barriers in a Transborder Region, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. [ Links ]
Bagnasco, A. y C. Trigilia 1993 La Contruction Social du Marché, Editions ENS, Cachan. [ Links ]
Beck, U. 2002 La sociedad del riesgo global, Siglo XXI de España Editores, Madrid. [ Links ]
Bernstein, S. 2000 “Globalization, Four Paths of Internationalization and Domestic Policy Change: The Case of Eco Forestry in British Columbia, Canada”, Canadian Journal of Political Science, vol. XXXIII, núm. 1, marzo, pp. 67-99, Canadá. [ Links ]
Beriain, J. 1996 Las consecuencias perversas de la modernidad, Antrophos, Barcelona. [ Links ]
Blake, D. et al 1997 “Canadian Public Opinion and Environmental Action: Evidence from British Columbia”, Canadian Journal of Political Science, vol. 30, septiembre, pp. 451-472, Canadá. [ Links ]
Blatter, J. 2000 “Emerging Cross-border Regions as a Step Towards Sustainable Development?”, International Journal of Economic Development, vol. 2, núm. 3, Boston. [ Links ]
Borderlines 1998 http://us-mex.org/borderlines/1998/bll44/bll44sb.html [ Links ]
Bracamontes, A. et al 1997 “Lo fronterizo ante los procesos globales: hacia un programa de desarrollo regional”, en Alejandro Mungaray y María Guadalupe García de León (eds.), Desarrollo fronterizo y globalización, Asociación Nacional de Universidades e Instituciones de Educación Superior-Universidad de Sonora, México. [ Links ]
Clarke, S. 2001 Regional and Trasnational Discourse. The Politics of Ideas and Economic Development in Cascadia, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder. [ Links ]
Coleman, J. 1998 “Social Capital in the Creation of Social Capital”, American Journal of Sociology, suplemento 94, Estados Unidos. [ Links ]
Dryzek, J. 1997 The Politics of the Earth. Environmental Discourses, Oxford University Press, Nueva York. [ Links ]
Durant, W. 1979 The Great Lakes Region. Past, Present and Future, Universidad de Michigan, Detroit. [ Links ]
Erie Congress 1971 The Great Lakes, Office of Education and Social Science Foundation, Canada. [ Links ]
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) 2002 http://www.epa.gov/usmexicoborder [ Links ]
Flores González, S. 1995 Desarrollo regional y globalización económica, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, México. [ Links ]
Gabbins, R. 1997 “Meaning and Significance of the Canadian-American Border”, en Paul Ganster, Alan Sweedler, James Scotty y Wolf Dieter Eberwein (eds.), Borders and Border Regions in Europe and North America, San Diego State University, San Diego. [ Links ]
Gasca, J. 2002 Espacios trasnacionales. Interacción, integración y fragmentación en la frontera México-Estados Unidos, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-Miguel Ángel Porrúa, México D. F. [ Links ]
Gillroy, J, M. 1999 “American and Canadian Federalism: A Game Theoretic Analysis”, Policy Studies Journal, vol. 27, núm. 2, verano. [ Links ]
Ganster, P. 2000 The U. S.-Mexican Border Environment. A Road Map to a Sustainable 2020, Southwest Consortium for Environmental Research and Policy, San Diego State University Press, San Diego. [ Links ]
Haeger, J. 1991 Business and Finance in the Early Republic, Wayne State University, Detroit. [ Links ]
Herzog, L. 1999 Where North Meets South. Cities, Space, and Politics on the U. S.-Mexico Border, Center for Mexican-American Studies, University of Texas at Austin, Austin. [ Links ]
Hodge, A. y Paul R. West 1999 “Achieving Progress in the Great Lakes Basin Ecosystem and the Georgia Basin-Puget Sound Bioregion”, en Christopher A. Barlett y Sumatra Ghoshal (coords.), Managing across Borders. The Trasnational Solution, Harvard Business School Press, Boston <http://us-mex.org/borderlines/spanish/1999/bl57esp/bl57agua.htlm>. [ Links ]
Jones, C. L. 1997 “Assesing Transboundary Environmental Impacts on the U. S.-Mexican and U. S.-Canadian Borders”, en Journal of Borderlands Studies, vol. XII, núms. 1-2, primavera y otoño, Arizona. [ Links ]
Keating, M. 2003 “The Territorial State: Functional Restructuring and Political Change”, en Thomas J. Coorchene y Donald J. Saudie (eds.), The Art of State. Governance in a World without Frontiers, pp. 329-351, Institute for Research on Public Policy, Canadá. [ Links ]
______ 2001 “Governing Cities and Regions: Territorial Restructuring in a Global Age”, en Allen J. Scott (ed.), Global Cities and Regions: Trends, Theory and Policy, Oxford University Press, Nueva York. [ Links ]
______ 1998 “Self-determination, Multinational States and the Transnational Order”, en M. vander Valtt van Praage y O. Seero (eds.), The Implementation of the Right of Self-determination as a Contribution to Conflict Resolution, Unesco, Barcelona. [ Links ]
Kirton, J. 1997 “The Comission for Environmental Cooperation and Canada-U. S. Environmental Governance in the NAFTA Era”, The American Review of Canadian Studies, vol. 27, núm. 3, otoño, Washington. [ Links ]
McCloskey, D. 2000 Cascadia: A Great Land of the Notheast Pacific Rim <http://www.Washington.edu/unwire/outreach/cspn/sense/ text/mecloskey.htm>. [ Links ]
Morgan, K. 1995 “The Learning Region: Institutions, Innovations and Regional Renewal”, Papers in Planning Research, núm.157, University of Wales College of Cardiff, Cardiff. [ Links ]
Mumme, S. 1997 Managing the Border Environment. Advances, Issues and Options, Asociación Nacional de Universidades e Institutos de Educación Superior-Profmex, México. [ Links ]
Ohmae, K. 1995 The End of the Nation-State. The Rise of Regional Economics, Free Press, Nueva York. [ Links ]
Parson, E. 2000 “Environmental Trends and Environmental Governance in Canada”, Canadian Public Policy, vol. XXVI, suplemento, Canadá. [ Links ]
Pearson, N. 1972 The Great Lakes Basin. Alternative Institutional Arrangement for Multiple-Purpose Resources Management, Centre for Resources and Development, University of Guelpg, Canada. [ Links ]
Putnam, Robert 1993 Making Democracy Work. Civil Tradition in Modern Italy, Princeton University Press, Princeton. [ Links ]
Sabel, C. F. 1993 “Studies on Trust. Building New Forms of Cooperation in a Volatile Economy”, en R. Swedberg (ed.), Explorations in Economic Sociology, Rusell Sage Foundation, Nueva York. [ Links ]
Sánchez, R. 1991 “El TLC del Norte y el medio ambiente en la frontera norte”, Frontera Norte, vol. 3, núm. 6, Colegio de la Frontera, julio-diciembre, México. [ Links ]
______ 1990 El medio ambiente como fuente de conflicto en la relación binacional México-Estados Unidos, Colegio de la Frontera Norte, México D. F. [ Links ]
Sassen, Saskia 2001 “Global Cities and Global Cities Regions. A Comparison”, en Allen J. Scott (editor), Global Cities Regions. Trends, Theory and Policy, Oxford University Press, Nueva York. [ Links ]
Schell, P. et al 1995 “Cascadia: The New Bionationalism of Western Canada and the U.S. Pacific Northwest”, en Robert L. Earle y John D. Wirth (eds.), Identities in North America. The Search for Community, Stanford University Press, Stanford. [ Links ]
Scott, A., editor 2001 Global Cities Regions. Trends, Theory and Policy, Oxford University Press, Nueva York. [ Links ]
______ 1998 Region and the World Economy, Oxford University Press, Oxford. [ Links ]
Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales 2002 Informe del Programa de Desarrollo Sustentable, México D. F. [ Links ]
Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, EPA 2002 “Border 2012: U.S.-Mexico Environmental Program” (borrador), 160-D-02-001, Washington, D. C. [ Links ]
Spalding, M. et al 1997 “Promising Potential for U. S.-Mexico Border and For the Future. An Assessment of the BECC/NAD Bank Institutions”, National Wildlife Review, vol. 4, National Wildlife Federation, Estados Unidos. [ Links ]
Storper, M. 1997 The Regional World. Territorial Development in a Global Economy, Guilford, Nueva York y Londres. [ Links ]
Strommen, N. 1989 Monthly Precipitation Possibilities by Climatic Divisions, Economic Research Services, Canadá. [ Links ]
Suárez Toriello, E. et al 1996 Perfil de la frontera México-Estados Unidos, Federación Mexicana de Asociaciones Privadas, México D. F. [ Links ]
Swedberg, R., editor 1993 Explorations in Economy and Sociology, Rusell Sage Foundation, Nueva York. [ Links ]
U.S. Water News 2003 1° de mayo [ Links ]
Vogel, D. 1997 “Environmentally Related Trade Disputes between United States and Canada”, The American Review of Canadian Studies, vol. 27, núm. 3, otoño, Washington. [ Links ]
Weintraub, Sidney 1994 NAFTA: What Comes Next?, Praeger, Westport, Connecticut. [ Links ]
Recibido: 24 de Enero de 2005; Aprobado: 18 de Enero de 2006